questions and solve the tasks. The questions and tasks were also designed to push the students outside their comfort zones — to ask them questions whose answers they’d have to struggle for — but not so far outside their comfort zones that they wouldn’t know how to start answering them. Wieman and his colleagues pretested the clicker questions and learning tasks on a couple of student volunteers who were enrolled in the course.10 They gave these students the questions and the learning tasks and then had them think aloud as they reasoned their way toward the answers.