the goat that was killed on that day and the other animals used as sin offerings made regularly throughout the year were likewise not being “punished” in the place of the people. Sin offerings were a sign of penitence for accidental sins: acts you knew were sinful but had not intended to commit or acts you committed without realizing they were sinful. (According to the legislation, if you did know and did intend to do them, no sacrifice could be offered. Such high-handed offending was to be punished, not forgiven.) So when Paul writes in Romans 3:25 that God put Jesus forth as a hilastērion,
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