I am optimistic on automation in the workplace because I believe that the laws that govern the economic world are similar to those that govern the physical world, in which nothing is ever lost, nothing is gained, and everything is transformed. Over the past twenty-five years, as McKinsey consulting has pointed out, about a third of the new jobs created in the United States were types that did not exist, or barely existed, twenty-five years ago. In the next transformation of the workplace, humans are likely to replace the jobs lost to robots and artificial intelligence with new jobs we can’t
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