In 2014, even as right-wing parties across western Europe were screaming for the expulsion of immigrants and refugees, Turkey quietly extended legal status to more than one million refugees, many of them from Syria. At least some Turkish leaders recognized the opportunity to import labor muscle and talent, including the many doctors and other well-educated professionals in the refugee ranks. In 2014, according to World Bank president Jim Yong Kim, a quarter of the new businesses in Turkey were started by Syrians, and the fastest-growing regions of Turkey were those where refugees had settled.9
