Inside Out and Outside In: Psychodynamic Clinical Theory and Psychopathology in Contemporary Multicultural Contexts

by Joan Berzoff

The ego requires protection from four kinds of danger: (1) conflict among the different agencies of the mind (id, ego, superego); (2) conflict in interpersonal relationships; (3) conflict in relation to social norms and institutions; and (4) the disruption of psychological equilibrium that occurs in response to trauma.