At the dawn of our modern educational system, when our schools were first becoming standardized around the mission of sorting students into average, above-average, and below-average bins of “general talent,” the first scientific investigation of this assumption revealed that it was false. But psychologists were so convinced that one-dimensional mental talent must exist, even if it was hidden, that most of Cattell’s colleagues rejected his results, suggesting that something was wrong with the way he conducted his experiments or analyzed his results.

