dynamic at work in the growth of Uber, one we refer to as a two-sided network effect.5 In Metcalfe’s telephone example, phone users attract more phone users. But in the case of Uber, two sides of the market are involved: riders attract drivers, and drivers attract riders. A similar dynamic can be seen in many other platform businesses. In the case of Google’s Android, app developers attract consumers, and consumers attract app developers. On Upwork (formerly known as Elance-oDesk), job listings attract freelancers, and freelancers attract job listings. On PayPal, sellers attract buyers, and
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