And Prince Charming would be a Caltech physicist by the name of John Hopfield. In 1982, Hopfield noticed a striking analogy between the brain and spin glasses, an exotic material much beloved of statistical physicists. This set off a connectionist renaissance that culminated a few years later in the invention of the first algorithms capable of solving the credit-assignment problem, ushering in a new era where machine learning replaced knowledge engineering as the dominant paradigm in AI.
