Up until about 100 million years ago, then, South America was joined to Africa in the east and to Antarctica in the south. Antarctica was joined to Australia, and India was joined to Africa via Madagascar. There was in fact one huge southern continent, which we now call Gondwanaland, consisting of what is now South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, Antarctica and Australia all rolled into one. There was also a single large northern continent called Laurasia consisting of what is now North America, Greenland, Europe and Asia (apart from India). North America was not connected to South
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