One of the Old Testament passages we looked at in addition to Deuteronomy 32:8–9 to understand Yahweh’s decision to put the nations under the authority of lesser gods was Daniel 10. In that passage we saw that there were divine beings over the nations, called “princes” (sar/sarim) by Daniel, and that the Septuagint refers to Michael as one of the chief archontōn or archōn, depending on the manuscript evidence.24 Ephesians 6:12 includes a number of the lemmas listed above: “Our struggle is not against blood and flesh, but against the rulers [archē], against the authorities [exousia], against
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