If the farmers of a generation ago received heavily subsidized freshwater, but complained that there was too little of it, this generation of Israeli farmers have all of the water they want from natural or alternative sources, but are concerned that the price they will have to pay will make their produce unaffordable in the world market.62 Israel’s water planners are betting that the cost will bring yet more efficiency to the nation’s farms, and that it will, in turn, spur yet more new Israeli innovation and technology.




