As important power-holders in Washington and London, helping to orchestrate the Allied coalition, the Jews were seen as a unified, international enemy, a way of thinking encapsulated by the use of the collective singular, ‘Jewry’, or, more simply, ‘the Jew’. By autumn 1941, people were imagining how the Jews would orchestrate retaliation against Germany – despite the fact that it had not happened. Within three months of introducing the yellow star, Germany was at war with America.