Into this un-receptive milieu Adrian dropped his tutiorist corollary: if a soldier has doubts as to the justice of the prince’s war, he must not serve in it, this being the safer course (morally safer, of course, rather than physically).33 This argument was dealt with rather neatly by Francisco de Vitoria, founder of the Thomist School of Salamanca. Before describing his answer, let us look at how he used probability in something more central to his work. According to many, Vitoria was the real founder of international law.34 Professor of theology at the University of Salamanca from 1526 to
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