Basic discussions of the distinction between probable and necessary and of Boethius’s definitions are found as far back as 1000.85 Cicero’s De Inventione and the Rhetoric to Herennius were known from about 1080 and stimulated a wide interest in rhetoric.86 Chartres was the center of synthesis of this first version of the ancient heritage with Christian thought. Symbolizing the harmony still perceived, at least by some, between the ancients and Christianity, a statue of Aristotle, representing dialectic, appears on the west front of Chartres Cathedral.87
