Scotus and Ockham on Induction Aquinas does not give the impression of being genuinely concerned by the problem of induction or by skepticism in general. His successors in the fourteenth century did reply to the newly revived ancient skeptical arguments. Duns Scotus advances a not-by-chance argument combined with a realism about causes, similar to Avicenna’s: “Even though a person does not experience every single individual, but only a great many, nor does he experience them at all times, but only frequently, still he knows infallibly that it is always this way and holds for all instances.”
