Serum albumin contains a chain of 584 amino acids, which are curled up into a sphere. In our bodies, the synthesis of the molecule is under the direction of nucleic acids. But imagine a time before DNA existed, so that a molecule of serum albumin had to be synthesized by adding one amino acid at random to the end of a growing chain. The chances are negligible—just 1 in —that random processes would produce the protein.