By 1934, the current secretary of war, Harry H. Woodring, hears the thunder and sees the storm clouds gathering on the world’s horizons. He begins expanding the American SIS. By the time Germany invades Poland in 1939, the SIS staff is 19 in number. By the time Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in 1941, the staff has grown to 331. By the end of the war, in 1945, the total will be more than 13,000.