after the collapse of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924—the symbol of the global Muslim community, or ummah—the Muslim Brotherhood was the only truly transnational Islamic movement in the world, with offshoots in Syria, Jordan, Palestine, and Lebanon. When, in 1952, a group of Egyptian military officers led by Colonel Gamal Abd al-Nasser launched a coup against Egypt’s British-backed monarchy, the Muslim Brotherhood helped rally the country under the new regime. At first Nasser welcomed the Brotherhood into his administration, placing its members in a number of senior government posts. But after a
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