“The Neglected Duty” laid out, for the first time, the aspirations of the nascent Jihadist movement. Chief among these was the reestablishment of the Caliphate, which had been abolished after World War I by the founder of the modern secular state of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. For a great many Muslims, the destruction of the Caliphate had permanently fractured the worldwide community of faith, the ummah, which the Prophet Muhammad had established fourteen centuries before, into
