The American contributor to the International Encyclopedia of Social Science, A. J. Jaffe, further demonstrates the peculiar reasoning inherent in the international economic system. In the section “The Labour Force — Definitions and Measurement”, he writes that “housewives are excluded from what is measured as the working force because such work is outside the characteristic system of work organisation or production. Moreover their inclusion in the working force would not help policy makers to solve the significant economic problems of American society.”