LONG-ESTABLISHED BAPTIST CHURCHES of New England typically opposed the Great Awakening. Those affiliated with the Philadelphia Association supported it tentatively. But the new, radical Baptist movement emerging de novo from the Great Awakening transformed America’s religious landscape. The spawning of the radical evangelical Baptists was reminiscent of the way that the English Puritan and Separatist movement had helped create the original English Baptists. In the 1740s and 1750s, radical Protestants stumbled again on the problems created by infant baptism, and the presence of so many who had
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