Much the same thing happened when Germany invaded Ukraine itself. When the Wehrmacht attacked in June 1941, it was joined by two 600-strong OUN units, ‘Nachtigall’ and ‘Roland’, recruited and drilled under the approving eye of German military intelligence. Nachtigall, clad in the field-grey of the Wehrmacht, marched into Galicia; Roland, in the uniform of the First World War Ukrainian Sich, into the southern steppe from Moldova. OUN also organised ‘march groups’ of young activists, who raced forward into eastern Ukraine setting up Ukrainian city administrations (many of which joined
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