hygiene and cleanliness became key words, both physically and morally. Cleanliness was preached as a way of life, and it soon supplanted the ancient fear of sin with a set of new horror visions. Masturbation, homosexuality, promiscuity, and the lack of impulse control were portrayed not as wicked, as they might once have been, but as dirty, diseased, and potentially deadly to the individual as well as to society and, of course, to the race.