the original Hollywood film so alarmed officials of the American Jewish Anti-Defamation League that they persuaded studio executives to refrain in the future from including obviously Jewish characters in their films. The unintended result was that for the remainder of the 1930s, the persecution of Jews and their desperate plight in Europe were to remain almost completely absent from Hollywood films—not only those screened in Germany but also those seen all over the world, from Idaho to Shanghai.