1. When seeking to bring about change, never attempt to do so in the abstract; people change only in concrete ways.11 2. Always give hope. People will not persevere during the often difficult process of change without hope. 3. Never minimize the severity of problems; instead always maximize Christ and His power to solve problems. 4. If a person has a life-dominating problem, aim at total restructuring. 5. Always approach seemingly hopeless situations with emphatic disagreement. Empathy alone removes all possibility of help. Disagree when the counselee says “It’s hopeless.” Say, “It is
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