They use many words and expressions that are entirely absent from Paul’s authentic letters. They never mention the Parousia, nor do they speak of living “in Christ”; for them the Greek pistis does not mean “loyalty” but “the Christian faith”;14 and they never call Jesus “son of God.” They are called the “pastoral” letters because they give instructions to Christian leaders, who were by this time organized into a hierarchy that we do not find in Paul’s letters, consisting of bishops, presbyters, and deacons.
