The management of goal conflicts under uncertainty gets pushed down into local operating units—control rooms, cockpits, operating theaters and the like. There the conflicts are to be negotiated and resolved in the form of thousands of little and larger daily decisions and trade-offs. These are no longer decisions and trade-offs made by the organization, but by individual operators or crews. What they accept as risky or normal will shift over time: • as a result of pressures and expectations put on them by the organization; • and as a result of continued success, even under those
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