There are a number of fledgling companies that are taking the bet by designing custom mixtures of microbes to be used for microbiota transplants. Some of these mixtures are even being packaged in pill form, which would also drastically reduce the cost and risks associated with delivery by enema or nasogastric tube. These “crapsules,” as they are sometimes called, could become part of a routine postantibiotic regimen to mitigate microbiota damage.

