McKinsey & Company’s website lists “uphold the obligation to dissent” as a core value.249 Marvin Bower, who became McKinsey’s managing director in 1950, is credited with documenting and shaping the firm’s values in a way that allowed McKinsey to serve its clients with integrity for more than fifty years.250 For years, new associates were given an internally published copy of his book, Perspective on McKinsey. By
