One is the traditional way: to think of organizations as hierarchical systems in which power and intelligence are concentrated at the
top; hence, initiative and good ideas originate at the top and are passed down through command
and control as programs and procedures that people in the lower levels put into practice. The
other, newer way—discovered in chrysalides fashion over the course of the twentieth century—is
to think of organizations as cooperative, collegial, even collaborative systems in which good ideas
exist everywhere in the organization and can be made manifest and put
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