According to Bosworth Smith, the Punjab which the British took over contained very few prisons.28 Not wishing to look after prisoners, the Sikh Durbar had punished criminals by mutilation. One of its European generals, Avitabile, given charge of the Peshawar region in the kingdom’s final phase, seems to have had men blown from guns.29 Henry Lawrence and his colleagues ended mutilation and built twenty-five jails.
