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“genotype-environment correlation,”
The twist works as follows. People do not merely select roles suited to their native talents and personalities. They also gravitate to environments that reward their hereditary inclinations.
The overall result is a greater divergence of roles within societies due to the interaction of genes and environment.
but their effects have been amplified by the diverging pathways into which they were guided by the differences.
put genotype-environment correlation in a phrase, heritability measured at the level of biology reacts with the environment to increase heritability measured at the level of behavior.
genotype-environment correlation clarifies a second principle of the relati...
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There is no gene for playing the...
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There is instead a large ensemble of genes whose effects enhance manual dexterity, creativity, emotive expression, focus, attentio...
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All of these together compose the special human ability that the American psychologist Howard Gardner c...
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again, and soon embraces what is to be the central preoccupation of his life.
Imagine the result if a society became truly egalitarian, so that all children were raised in nearly identical circumstances and encouraged to enter any occupation they chose within reach of their abilities.
Heritability in such a society would increase.
Suppose instead that all children were tested for ability at an early age and put on educational tracks that reflected their scores, with the aim of directing them to occupations most appropriate to their
Brave New World
uniformity of outcome is valued above all else.
nurturists and hereditarians,
Nurturists traditionally emphasize the contributions of the environment to behavior, while hereditarians emphasize the genes.
The logical next step is the location of the genes that affect behavior.
schizophrenia
consistently breaks with reality.
future schizophrenics fail to communicate with other cells required for normal exchanges with the rest of the brain. In
the impairment promotes internal mental constructions with no connection to external stimuli or ordinary rational thought.
external information and provokes erratic, dreamlike confabulation by the wakened brain.
partially genetic origin.
pragmatic bias of genetic
research.
because a single gene mutation invariably has a biochemical signature that can be used to simplify diagnosis.
profoundly misleading when applied to human behavior.
incomplete penetrance.
variable expressivity.
human behavioral genetics
Its principal methods are classical twin studies and family-tree analysis, gene mapping, and, most recently, DNA sequence identification.
anthropologist George P. Murdock listed the universals of culture,
celibacy
nonreproduction by the workers,
macrotermitine
chiefdoms and imperial states remarkably similar in their basic structure
stone-age primitives. First they brought wild plants under cultivation,
it is still risky to use them as evidence of the linkage between genes and culture.
their finer details differ widely among societies within and between the hemispheres.
hall...
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On Human Nature
rather the propensity to invent and transmit certain kinds of these elements of memory in preference to others.
“prepared learning.”
subclass of epigenetic
the full range of inherited regularities of development in anatomy, physiology,
prepared learning of social behavior,
is usually adaptive:
fitness on organisms by improving their survival ...
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by methods of conventional psychology,
