It took both ideological changes and a number of events to accomplish this. However, as I will argue, the ancient view of polygenism, which finally won out over the alternative explanation of monogenism at the turn of the twentieth century, could not be dethroned from either science or popular thought without an alternative paradigm. Strict biological determinism and eugenics reigned in the United States and Europe from the 1900s to the early 1930s and culminated in the 1940s with its logical climax in Nazism. However, by the 1930s and into the 1940s, both the more than 500-year-old theories
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