Just before the turn of the twentieth century, many of Gobineau’s (and Kant’s) views were introduced to German readers by Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855–1927) in his Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (Foundations of the Nineteenth Century) (first written in German in 1899, translated into English in 1910). Chamberlain was the son-in-law of the German composer Richard Wagner (Montagu 1997; Smedley 1999). The anti-Semitic, racist Wagner had brought Gobineau’s views to the German public (Stein 1950).
