Martin Libicki, an expert on cyberwarfare with the RAND corporation, questions the wisdom of allowing cyber conflicts to be resolved with kinetic attacks. He wonders if it wouldn’t be wiser to apply “Las Vegas rules” to cyberwarfare so that what happens in cyberspace stays in cyberspace. “Your escalation potential, if you go to the kinetic realm than if you stay in the cyber realm, is much greater,” he says. “So a rule that says you can only match cyber with cyber puts a limit on your topside risk.”

