A man who sells something for a profit, without carving or painting it like a craftsman, without making some material changes, is not within God’s law; the writer known as Fake Chrysostom said anyone who bought goods and sold them on for a profit, unaltered, was ‘the merchant who was thrown out of the temple’.60 The theologian Henry of Ghent was especially bothered by the man who bought at a low price and sold for a profit at once, because an object can’t change its value instantly; he implies that everything has a true value and a just price, something that should not be changed artificially.

