But for Osama Bin Laden and the jihadist movements of the last forty years, the reality of the modern world was not ‘real’ enough to overwhelm the scripture-centered worldview of classical jihad doctrine. Instead, for jihadists, modern realities only sharpened classical understandings of the Qur’an and Hadiths. Their reading of scripture against global politics telescoped time and transposed the medieval into the modern world.
