The most celebrated attack on those Muslim intellectuals who had adopted the cosmologies of Aristotle and Plotinus came from an eleventh-century Sunni scholar from Iran named Abu Hamid Ghazali (the namesake for the twentieth-century Egyptian reformist), who was so influential that he became known as Hujjat Al-Islam (The Proof of Islam). He listed among the Philosophers’ most severe sins their suggestion that the duties of worship and the Shariah restrictions that applied to all Muslims did not apply to them (Ibn Sina might have struck too close to home – Lady Montagu would later hear her
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