Collective superintelligence is less conceptually clear-cut than speed superintelligence.7 However, it is more familiar empirically. While we have no experience with human-level minds that differ significantly in clock speed, we do have ample experience with collective intelligence, systems composed of various numbers of human-level components working together with various degrees of efficiency. Firms, work teams, gossip networks, advocacy groups, academic communities, countries, even humankind as a whole, can—if we adopt a somewhat abstract perspective—be viewed as loosely defined “systems”
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