In Appendix 4, I give you an IPA decoder chart. Any time you come across some weird sound you don’t understand, you can load up the Wikipedia article for your language (e.g., “IPA for Spanish” or “IPA for Swahili”) and compare it to the chart. The chart will tell you what to do with your tongue, your lips, and your vocal cords. You can use this chart as a universal decoder device that translates a word like mjöður into a series of tongue, lip, and vocal cord positions. Coupled with your newly trained ears, you’ll have a much easier time mimicking each new sound in your language.
