Learning to communicate and listen empathically is a vital part of parenting. At the heart of this openness is parental presence—the receptive state in which we take in the signals from others and have compassion and kindness in our interactions. Caring communication supports the development of a healthy attachment that is especially important in building a trusting parent-child relationship. Studies performed across many cultures suggest that a common element in healthy attachments is the ability of the parent and child to have a reciprocal give-and-take of signals. This is called contingent
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