in the early postnatal period mothers produce colostrum, which, although scant in volume (~50ml or 1.7oz on Day 1 postpartum), is important in conferring passive immunity and reducing a baby’s exposure to infections, making the early initiation of breastfeeding particularly beneficial to newborns. Growth factors in colostrum, for instance, stimulate the maturation of gastric epithelial cells (cells lining the inside of the stomach), which facilitate nutrient absorption and the development of a physical barrier to pathogens.4
