Most instances of violence occur in groups that meet three criteria: they believe the end of the world is near, have a charismatic leader, and become socially encapsulated.34 At least some degree of isolation, whether physical or virtual, is a hallmark of all destructive cults. Typically, though, isolation results in plummeting recruitment, which is in part why so many groups fizzle out and disappear.35 However, when groups have enough people and resources to maintain themselves, isolation can hurtle them toward an ending that’s less fizzle and more pop.
