“We will not accept your surrender unless it includes all American and Filipino troops in the whole archipelago,” the lieutenant had said. It was exactly what Pugh and Beebe had feared would happen. Wainwright had refused to negotiate with a lieutenant, but a Japanese colonel entering the discussion had responded with “an angry torrent of Japanese” that Wainwright could not understand but whose meaning he could guess. “In that case I will deal only with General Homma,”
