The mediating spiritual symbol had become the socially constructed metaphor. All such a secular subject could be in touch with now is the physical world through the senses and a rule-bound cognition. Since there was no longer any way to connect the human to the larger metaphysical world, it was sincerely believed and vociferously declared that there is no metaphysical reality. The material world is all there is, and objectifying science is the only way of knowing what is real. Agnosticism and nihilism were the results. A particular reductive reading of Aristotle had, in effect, erased the
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