The concept and experience of the tulpa emerges over millennia, first from older Buddhist traditions (which also deny there is any permanent soul or self), especially the Mahayana or “Great Vehicle” teaching of the three bodies of the Buddha. The first of these bodies is the dharmakaya, literally the “truth body,” often identified with the entire universe or reality as such. The second of these bodies is the sambhogakaya, literally the “enjoyment body,” through which the Buddha and bodhisattvas inhabit the various heavens and perform their miracles through the superhuman powers (iddhi, rddhi,
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