We discovered a significant comorbidity between extreme lawless violence and illegitimacy of the settler state. The more precarious the state in the international context (e.g. regional hostility or isolation, condemnation over lack of treaties and genocidal policies) the more likely it was that extreme lawless violence would occur. This was particularly evident in Israel and Australia, which were the only settler states where we observed firearms being deployed during street fights. We were ashamed to admit we had expected to see firearms mostly in African-American communities, due to our
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