According to Morin, the first kind of religion, which began to be eroded from the time of the Enlightenment, was a religion of salvation, of an otherworldly God or gods. The second kind of religion, typified in both Marxism and positivism or scientism, did not recognize itself as a religion, though it still held up the promise of (this-worldly) salvation. The third kind of religion would be a “religion in the minimal sense [suggested in one derivation of the word: from re-ligare: to join back together]”125 and “would involve a rational undertaking: to save the planet, to civilize the Earth, to
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