Getting a word in edgewise. Again, the dynamic is already in place by elementary school: boys speak up and call out answers eight times more than girls.8 Among grown-ups, in meetings where men are the majority, women speak a third less than men; only when there are more women than men do women speak as much as men.9 During President Barack Obama’s first term in office, his women staffers struggled so much to get their voices heard that they coordinated an “amplification” tactic, where when one of them made a key point, the others would repeat it, crediting the original speaker. Even President
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