the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Inquantum mechanics, theuncertainty principle(also known asHeisenberg's uncertainty principle) is any of a variety ofmathematical inequalities[1]asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with which the values for certain pairs of physical quantities of aparticle, known ascomplementary variablesor canonically conjugate variables such aspositionxandmomentump, can be predicted from initial conditions, or, depending on interpretation, to what extent such conjugate properties maintain their approximate meaning, as the mathematical framework of quantum physics does not support the notion of simultaneously well-defined conjugate properties expressed by a single value. The uncertainty principle implies that it is in general not possible to predict the value of a quantity with arbitrary certainty, even if all initial conditions are specified.
